Real Property Section
Illustrative Commercial Loan Opinion Letter
[Letterhead of Lawyer or Law Firm]
[Date]
[Lender'
s name and address]
Re: $ Loan from Lender to [Corporate Borrower] Secured by [Real Property] and
[Personal Property] and Guaranteed by [Individual Guarantor]
We have acted as counsel to ABC Corporation, a Maryland corporation
(the "Borrower") and John Doe (the "Guarantor") in connection with the
captioned transaction (the "Loan"). This letter is furnished to satisfy [the
condition set forth in Section of /your request dated ]. All capitalized terms used in
this letter that are not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them
in the Loan Documents (as hereinafter defined).
In our capacity as counsel to the Borrower and the Guarantor and for
purposes of this opinion, we have examined the following documents:
(i) the [describe credit document] dated
___________, between the Borrower and ______________________________ (the
"Lender"), the Deed of Trust dated ___________________ from the Borrower to
________________________________ and _________________________, as trustees, the
Promissory Note dated _______________ in the principal amount of $_______ from the
Borrower to the order of the Lender, the Assignment of Rents dated _____________ from the
Borrower to the Lender, the Uniform Commercial Code financing statements signed by the
Borrower (the "Financing Statements"), and the Guaranty Agreement dated
_____________ from the Guarantor for the benefit of the Lender (collectively, the
"Loan Documents");
(ii) the charter and bylaws of the Borrower;
(iii) the records of the proceedings and actions of the Board of
Directors of the Borrower with respect to the transactions between the Borrower and the
Lender contemplated by the Loan Documents;
(iv) a certificate of the Maryland State Department of Assessments and
Taxation dated _____________ to the effect that the Borrower is duly incorporated and
existing under the laws of the State of Maryland;
(v) certificates of each of the Borrower and the Guarantor to the
effect that the representations made by or on behalf of the Borrower or the Guarantor (as
the case may be) in the Loan Documents are accurate and complete;
(vi) certificates of each of the Borrower and the Guarantor identifying
any governmental programs to which the Borrower or the Guarantor is subject and
identifying whether the Borrower or the Guarantor is engaged in or operates in a regulated
industry;
(vii) certificates of each of the Borrower and the Guarantor
identifying all judicial and governmental judgments, orders, injunctions, decrees, and
arbitration awards outstanding against the Borrower or the Guarantor (as the case may be)
and all judicial and governmental actions, suits, and proceedings, and all arbitrations
and mediations, pending or threatened against the Borrower or the Guarantor (as the case
may be) or any of their properties;
(viii) certificates of each of the Borrower and the Guarantor
identifying all indentures, mortgages, deeds of trust, security agreements, leases,
contracts, and other agreements and instruments to which the Borrower or the Guarantor (as
the case may be) is a party and the violation, breach, or default of which could have a
material adverse effect on the Borrower's or the Guarantor's business or financial
condition (the "Identified Borrower Contracts" and the "Identified
Guarantor Contracts");
(ix) reports by [search firm] of financing statements filed with
respect to the Borrower and the Guarantor in the jurisdictions and as of the dates
indicated in such reports (the "Reported Financing Statements");
(x) reports by [search firm] of judgments, orders, and decrees
outstanding against, actions, suits, or proceedings pending against, and tax liens filed
with respect to the Borrower or the Guarantor in the jurisdictions and as of the dates
indicated in such reports;
[(xi) list other documents and certificates relied upon; and]
(xii) such other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary and
appropriate to render the opinions set forth in this letter, subject to the limitations,
assumptions, and qualifications noted below.
In basing the opinions and other matters set forth herein on "our
knowledge," the words "our knowledge" signify that, in the course of our
representation of the Borrower and the Guarantor in matters with respect to which we have
been engaged by the Borrower and the Guarantor as counsel, no information has come to our
attention that would give us actual knowledge or actual notice that any such opinions or
other matters are not accurate or that any of the foregoing documents, certificates,
reports, and information on which we have relied are not accurate and complete. Except as
otherwise stated herein, we have undertaken no independent investigation or verification
of such matters. The words "our knowledge" and similar language used herein are
intended to be limited to the knowledge of the lawyers within our firm who have recently
worked on matters on behalf of the Borrower or the Guarantor.
In reaching the opinions set forth below, we have assumed, and to our
knowledge there are no facts inconsistent with, the following:
(a) each of the parties thereto (other than the
Borrower and the Guarantor) has duly and validly executed and delivered each instrument,
document, and agreement executed in connection with the Loan to which such party is a
signatory, and such party's obligations set forth therein are its legal, valid, and
binding obligations, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms;
(b) each person executing any such instrument, document or agreement on
behalf of any such party (other than the Borrower and the Guarantor) is duly authorized to
do so;
(c) each natural person executing any such instrument, document or
agreement is legally competent to do so;
(d) there are no oral or written modifications of or amendments to the
Loan Documents, and there has been no waiver of any of the provisions of the Loan
Documents, by actions or conduct of the parties or otherwise;
(e) all tangible personal property collateral of the Borrower in which
a security interest is granted under the Loan Documents which can be perfected by the
filing of one or more financing statements (other than goods of a type normally used in
more than one jurisdiction) is located in Maryland, the Borrower's chief executive office
is located in Maryland, and the Borrower has a place of business in the following Maryland
counties (include Baltimore City if applicable): ;
(f) all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic, all
documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original
document, all signatures on all documents submitted to us for examination are genuine, and
all public records reviewed are accurate and complete.
(g) the Reported Financing Statements constitute the only financing
statements on file against the Borrower among the financing statement records identified
in such reports as of the date of this opinion and as of the date the Financing Statements
are duly filed;
(h) all descriptions of property in which a security interest subject
to the Maryland Uniform Code is created under the Loan Documents, as contained in the Loan
Documents and in all Financing Statements, reasonably identify the property described or
intended to be described; and
(i) value has been given for all security interests and liens created
under the Loan Documents.
Based on our review of the foregoing and subject to the assumptions and
qualifications set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date of this letter:
1. The Borrower is a corporation duly organized and validly existing in
good standing under the laws of the State of Maryland.
2. The Borrower has the corporate power [to own its current properties
and conduct its business as now conducted,] to borrow the proceeds of the Loan and to
execute and perform its obligations under the Loan Documents.
3. All necessary corporate action has been taken to authorize the
execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents by the Borrower.
4. The Loan Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the
Borrower and the Guarantor (as the case may be) and constitute the valid and legally
binding obligations of the Borrower and the Guarantor (as the case may be), enforceable
against the Borrower and the Guarantor (as the case may be) in accordance with their
terms, subject to the following:
(i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, and
other laws affecting the rights of creditors generally; and
(ii) the exercise of judicial discretion in accordance with general
principles of equity.
5. The execution and delivery of, and the
performance of the obligations under, the Loan Documents (i) will not conflict with the
Borrower's charter or bylaws, (ii) based solely upon our review of the Identified Borrower
Contracts, the Identified Guarantor Contracts, and our knowledge, will not violate or
result in the material breach of the provisions of, or constitute a material default
under, any of the Identified Borrower Contracts or any of the Identified Guarantor
Contracts, and (iii) based solely upon the certificates and reports referred to in
Paragraphs (vi), (vii), and (x) above and our knowledge, will not conflict with or result
in the breach of any court decree or order of any governmental body binding on the
Borrower or the Guarantor.
6. Based solely upon the certificates and reports referred to in
Paragraphs (vii) and (x) above and our knowledge, there is no litigation, arbitration, or
mediation pending before any court, arbitrator, mediator, or administrative body, or
threatened, against the Borrower or the Guarantor, or any of their properties [, except as
described in ].
*
7. With respect to all property
(a) in which the Borrower currently has rights
within the meaning of Section 9-203(1)(c) of the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code,
(b) in which a security interest subject to Article 9 of the Maryland
Uniform Commercial Code is granted under the Loan Documents which may be perfected by the
filing of financing statements, and
(c) as to which one or more financing statements naming "ABC
Corporation" as debtor are required to be on file at the time of the filing of the
Financing Statements among the financing statement records of (the "Filing
Offices") in order that any security interest in such property granted pursuant to
Article 9 of the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code may be perfected at such time by filing,
upon the due filing in each of the Filing Offices of one of the Financing Statements, duly
completed and executed, the security interests in such property created under the Loan
Documents will have been perfected and will have priority, at the time of such filing of
the Financing Statements, over any other security interests in such property perfected by
filing at such time [except for the security interests publicized by some or all of the
Reported Financing Statements].
8. Based solely upon the certificates and reports referred to in
Paragraphs (vi), (vii), and (x) above and our knowledge, no consent, approval,
authorization, or other action by, or filing with, any governmental authority is required
for the execution and delivery by the Borrower or the Guarantor of the Loan Documents, or
if required, the requisite consent, approval, or authorization has been obtained, the
requisite filing has been accomplished, or the requisite action has been taken.
In addition to the qualifications set forth above, the opinions set
forth herein are also subject to the following qualifications:
(i) We express no opinion with respect to title
to any property, nor do we express any opinion with respect to the existence of
encumbrances upon any property or the attachment, validity, perfection, or priority of any
security interests or liens purported to be created under the Loan Documents, except as
set forth in Paragraph 7 of this opinion. We understand that, with respect to real
property, you are relying exclusively on title insurance with regard to these matters.
(ii) We express no opinion on the perfection of any lien or security
interest except as expressly stated herein.
(iii) We express no opinion with respect to any security interest
created under the Loan Documents which purports to secure any present or future
obligations or liabilities of the Borrower to the Lender (other than the obligations and
liabilities of the Borrower to the Lender created or arising under the Loan Documents)
that are determined, in the case of obligations or liabilities of the Borrower to the
Lender created in the future, not to constitute "future advances" within the
meaning of Section 9-204(3) of the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code, are determined not to
have been within the contemplation of the Borrower and the Lender at the time the Loan
Documents were executed, or are determined not to be of the same character or class as the
obligations and liabilities of the Borrower to the Lender created or arising under the
Loan Documents.
(iv) We express no opinion with respect to the effect of subsequently
filed financing statements on the priority of any security interest perfected by the
filing of the Financing Statements.
(v) We express no opinion as to the laws of any jurisdiction other than
the laws of the State of Maryland and the laws of the United States of America. The
opinions expressed herein concern only the effect of the laws (excluding the principles of
conflict of laws) of the State of Maryland and the United States of America as currently
in effect. We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable laws
change after the date hereof or if we become aware of any facts that might change the
opinions expressed herein after the date hereof.
The opinions expressed in this letter are solely for the use of the
Lender [and its counsel], and these opinions may not be relied on by any other persons
without our prior written approval. The opinions expressed in this letter are limited to
the matters set forth in this letter, and no other opinions should be inferred beyond the
matters expressly stated.
This letter is to be interpreted in accordance with the Report of the
Special Joint Committee on Lawyers' Opinions in Commercial Transactions of the Maryland
State Bar Association, Inc. and The Bar Association of Baltimore City dated January 18,
1989.
Very truly yours,
[Signature of Lawyer/Law Firm representing Borrower]
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